The “Somebody Wanted But So Then” (SWBST) framework is a powerful tool for analyzing narratives. It helps break down complex stories into simpler components, making it easier to understand motivations and outcomes. Widely used in education, SWBST also shines in rhetorical analysis, particularly in dissecting propaganda and persuasive communications.

What is SWBST?

SWBST stands for “Somebody Wanted But So Then.” It’s a structured method that outlines the key elements of a narrative. By identifying the main character (Somebody), their desires (Wanted), a conflict or obstacle (But), the resolution (So), and the outcome (Then), SWBST helps in understanding the core of a story. This method is especially useful in educational settings where students analyze literature or historical events.

Components of SWBST

The SWBST framework consists of five core components:

  • Somebody: The main character or entity in the story. This could be a person, group, or organization involved in the narrative.
  • Wanted: The goal or desire of the main character. This reflects their motivation and what they aim to achieve.
  • But: The obstacle or conflict that the character faces. This introduces tension or a challenge that needs resolution.
  • So: The actions taken to overcome the obstacle. It shows the character’s response to the conflict.
  • Then: The outcome or result of the actions taken. This concludes the story and shows the resolution of the conflict.

Using SWBST in Rhetorical Analysis

In rhetorical analysis, SWBST is used to dissect arguments and narratives within propaganda or persuasive texts. By breaking down the elements, analysts can uncover underlying motivations and techniques used to influence audiences. Here’s how SWBST can be practically applied:

  • Identify the Subject: Determine who the narrative is centered around, which could be a political leader, organization, or movement.
  • Determine the Motivation: Understand what the subject aims to achieve, such as persuading an audience or promoting a specific ideology.
  • Recognize the Conflict: Identify any opposing ideas or obstacles presented in the narrative, which add tension and drive the story forward.
  • Analyze the Response: Look at how the narrative addresses the conflict or opposition, often revealing manipulation or persuasive strategies.
  • Evaluate the Outcome: Assess how the narrative concludes and what it ultimately communicates to the audience.

Examples of SWBST in Propaganda

Propaganda often uses narratives to convey messages and influence public opinion. By applying SWBST, one can reveal these underlying structures. Consider the following examples:

  • World War II Posters: In many wartime posters, somebody (a soldier or citizen) wanted to support their country, but faced the threat of the enemy. So, the posters encouraged actions like enlisting or conserving resources. Then, the expected outcome was victory and patriotism.
  • Political Campaigns: A candidate wanted to win an election. But, they faced opposition from rivals. So, they crafted messages highlighting their strengths and opponent’s weaknesses. Then, if successful, they gained public support and votes.

The SWBST framework provides a clear and structured way to analyze narratives, making it an invaluable tool in understanding both historical and contemporary rhetoric. By breaking down the components of a story, one can gain insights into the motivations and techniques used to influence and persuade.